2016湖南成人学位英语阅读理解因果条件题解题技巧

根据考生朋友比较关心的问题，本站编辑就成人学位英语阅读理解因果条件题解题技巧进行了整理，以供考生参考了解。

一、条件题型

条件关系通常也是考点，它的主要出现方式如下。

1.以when、if、as等连词引导的条件从句。

2.文章中细节性的条件关系――通常由一些表示条件关系的词汇手段表达：如depend upon(取决于)，determine(决定)等。

二、原因题型

原因通常成为考点，它的主要出现方式如下。

1.段落(含首段)第一句如果表达一种因果关系，通常为考点。

2.文章中细节性的因果关系――通常由一些表示因果关系的词汇手段表达。

(1)表示因果关系的名词：basis(根据)，result，consequence，reason;

(2)表示因果关系的动词：result in(结果)，result from(由于，由……)，follow from(……结果)，base…on…(以……为基础)，be due to(由于);

(3)表示因果关系的连词或介词：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，thus，why，with;

(4)表示因果关系的副词：as a result，consequently等。

例1

After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scien-tists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数)could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday; when traffic was light on the city''s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city''s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers aren''t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blue prints(蓝图)for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities wher earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a build-ing off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its founda-tion to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake''s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the op- posite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, that wouldsave many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that

A. new computers had been installed in the buildings

B. it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways

C. large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday

D. improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways

根据题干的提示可知，洛杉矶地震造成的伤亡在第三段谈到：文中分析了l994年洛杉矶地震造成的损失和伤亡比较小的原因是：地震发生在休假日的凌晨，公路上车辆不多，同时由于建筑规程的修改，近20年来洛杉矶城市楼房和公路建筑都加固了，防震性能提高了。因此，只有D项：“城市楼房和公路建筑都进行了改进”与上述意思一致，为正确答案。选项A说“楼房安装了电脑”，这是新近的设计方案，1994年还谈不上，所以不对。选项C说大量居民当时外出度假去了，与原文中提到的“地震发生在休假日的凌晨”不符，所以也不对。条件句也是一个常见的考点。它在原文出现的模式可以是：条件句+主句，或主句+条件句，但题干通常给出主句的意思，问相关条件。

例2

The reason these two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves. For exam-ple, did you know that the lightning we see flashing down to the earth from a cloud is actually flashing up to a cloud from the earth? Our eyes trick us into thinking we see a downward motion when it''s actually the other way around. But then, if we believed only what we think we see, we''d still insist that the sun rises in the morning and sets at night.

We believe that lightning is a downward motion because

A. we were taught so by our parents from our childhood

B. we are deceived by our sense of vision

C. it is a common natural phenomenon

D. it is a truth proved by science

这仍然是测试隐性原因的一道考题，思路是在有关结果附近找有关原因。谈论"downward motion"的相关句为第三句：0ur eyes trick US into thinking we see a downward motion when it''S actually the other way around.由此可知人们认为闪电由上向下运动，是因为被视觉所骗，因此B项为正确答案。